Technical Reports

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Causes and Consequences of the 2021/2022 Fertilizer Price Spike on Sub-Saharan Africa.},

author = {Jacob Ricker-Gilbert, Mindy Mallory, Iredele Ogunbayo, Ore Akano, Joseph Goeb, William Burke, Thom Jayne, Ifeanyi Micheal Obinefo, Rundong Peng, Brian Mulenga, Andrew Agyei-Holmes, John Olwande, Zena Mpenda, and Innocent Pangapanga-Phiri

},

url = {https://sustainafrica-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Causes-and-consequences-of-the-fertilizer-price-spike-in-SSA.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-04},

urldate = {2024-09-04},

abstract = {The rapid increase in inorganic fertilizer prices in 2021 and 2022 was a major shock to global agricultural and food markets. This price spike was initially caused by disruptions to global supply chains as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in early 2022 put additional upward pressure on inorganic fertilizer prices. After peaking in mid-2022, the world prices of inorganic fertilizers declined quickly and were back to pre-2021 levels by the end of 2023. Thus, the global fertilizer industry adjusted its production and sourcing, so the effect on global markets was relatively short-lived. However, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faced a much longer and more pronounced fertilizer price spike. Specifically, fertilizer prices in SSA rose with the world price in 2021 but decoupled from the world price after that. Prices in SSA stayed higher for longer and still had not returned to their previous levels in most countries as of mid-2024. Since a significant share of SSA’s population earns the majority of their income from crop farming and inorganic fertilizer is a key input into the production of those crops, the prolonged fertilizer price spike and decoupling from the world price has major implications for millions of smallholder farmers in the region. This is true for both farmers who use inorganic fertilizer and those who would use fertilizer if the economic conditions were more favorable.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Price Shocks and Associated Policy Responses Stemming from the Russia-Ukraine War and Other Global Crises: Evidence from Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.},

author = {Ayala Wineman, Emmanuel Mwakiwa, Andrew Agyei-Holmes, Modou Gueye Fall, Lilian Kirimi, Zena Mpenda, Edward Mutandwa, Iredele Ogunbayo,

and David Tschirley},

url = {https://pilafui.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Price-Shocks-and-Associated-Policy-Responses-Stemming-from-the-Russia-Ukraine-War-and-Other-Global-Crises_compressed.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-03-05},

urldate = {2024-03-05},

pages = {53},

abstract = {Recent years have brought a deluge of shocks to agrifood systems, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic starting in early 2020 brought a global economic slowdown and supply chain disruptions, and various measures to curb the spread of the virus by limiting mobility and public congregation upended the functioning of food markets. Then, in early 2022, the Russia–Ukraine war set off startling global price spikes in fuel, fertilizer, and food as key supplies of fertilizer, wheat, and edible oil were cut off from their markets, and upheaval in the petroleum market followed from international responses to Russia’s actions. The result has been a widespread cost-of-living crisis that is especially felt in lower-income settings. At the same time, manifestations of climate change are becoming increasingly evident, with more frequent weather extremes and catastrophic climate events affecting cycles of agricultural production. As but one example, from 2020 to 2023, the Horn of Africa experienced its longest and most severe drought on record.



In response to recent shocks in prices and availability of fuel, fertilizer, and foods (the “3Fs”), governments worldwide have pursued both reactive and proactive measures aimed at softening the impact of various shocks and making their economies more resilient to future stress. For example, in response to soaring costs of fertilizer and food, African governments have alternately reduced tariffs on increasingly expensive imports, incentivized the substitution of locally produced commodities for imports, and invested in increased domestic production of the products most affected by recent international turmoil.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Landscape Analysis of the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria.},

url = {https://afap-partnership.org/content/uploads/2024/10/1-of-3-Nigeria-Agricultural-Landscape-Analysis-Report.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-10},

urldate = {2024-01-10},

abstract = {The agricultural landscape study, using a food-security lens, delves into the intricate food systems, with some pivotal food security crops in Nigeria. Each of these crops presents its own set of challenges and opportunities within Nigeria's agricultural landscape.



For data collection, a multidisciplinary team of scientists surveyed Nigeria's six geopolitical zones using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques. The PRA involved Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII), supplemented by literature reviews. Key informants—private sector, state and federal Ministry of Agriculture staff—had above-average experience and were selected from states representing each geopolitical region (Borno, Gombe, Nasarawa, Kaduna, Oyo, Abia, Kogi, Niger, Edo and Rivers). FGDs comprised various stakeholders, including farmers, processors, input dealers, and marketers. These discussions were recorded in audio and written formats.



The result from the study shows that in Nigeria, the landscape of food and nutrition security is intricate and multifaceted, with challenges spanning from agricultural productivity to market access and socioeconomic disparities. This study comprehensively examines these challenges, presenting state and national perspectives.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}